جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

تغییرات فضایی _ زمانی و شناسایی مناطق بحرانی آلاینده دی‌اکسید گوگرد در دامنه جنوبی البرز مرکزی با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
دی‌اکسید گوگرد از آلاینده‌های جوی ناشی از احتراق سوخت‌های فسیلی در نیروگاه‌ها و صنایع است. این آلاینده در ناحیه صنعتی تهران–کرج–قزوین به‌طور قابل‌توجهی مشاهده می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل الگوی فضایی–زمانی SO₂ و شناسایی نواحی بحرانی، با تأکید بر نیروگاه‌ها و مراکز صنعتی، در دوره ۱۳۹۷–۱۴۰۱ انجام شد. برای استخراج ستون عمودی کل SO₂ از داده‌های سنجنده TROPOMI ماهواره Sentinel-5P استفاده شد. پردازش در Google Earth Engine و تحلیل‌های فضایی در ArcGIS انجام گرفت. تغییرات سالانه، فصلی و ماهانه و میانگین پنج‌ساله بررسی و تحلیل لکه‌های داغ اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین غلظت SO₂ در مناطق صنعتی استان قزوین، نواحی جنوبی تهران و بخش‌هایی از شرق البرز متمرکز است. تحلیل لکه‌های داغ، خوشه‌بندی معنادار آلودگی را در محور صنعتی تهران–قزوین نشان داد که استقرار شهرک‌های صنعتی، نیروگاه‌های حرارتی و تردد وسایل نقلیه باری مؤثر هستند. نواحی پیرامون نیروگاه‌هایی مانند شهید رجایی از کانون‌های آلودگی شناسایی شدند. در مقابل، نواحی مرتفع و شمالی به دلیل تهویه طبیعی مناسب‌تر و محدودیت منابع انتشار، غلظت کمتری داشتند. روند سالانه SO₂  طی دوره مطالعه افزایشی بود و در سال ۱۴۰۰ به بیشینه رسید. شاخص موران جهانی خودهمبستگی فضایی قوی و معناداری را تأیید کرد که بیانگر خوشه‌ای بودن توزیع آلاینده و نقش منابع انتشار ثابت است. بیشترین غلظت در فصل سرد و به‌ویژه دی و بهمن مشاهده شد، درحالی‌که تیر و مرداد مقادیر پایین‌تری داشتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد تمرکززدایی صنعتی، اصلاح الگوی سوخت و کنترل انتشار در مدیریت آلودگی SO₂ مؤثر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

©2026 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

 

 

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