Akbari, M. R., Modarres, R., & Alizadeh Noughani, M. (2019). Assessing early warning for desertification hazard based on E-SMART indicators in arid regions of northeastern Iran. Journal of Arid Environments, 174, 104086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.104086
Akbari, M., & Noughani, M. A. (2024). Early warning systems for desertification hazard: a review of integrated system models and risk management. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 10, 4611–4626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-024-02059-3
Akbari, M., Ownegh, M., Asgari, H. R., Sadoddin, A., & Khosravi, H. (2016a). Desertification Risk Assessment and Management Program. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2(4), 365–80. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.006
Akbari, M., Ownegh, M., Asgari, H. R., Sadoddin, A., & Khosravi, H. (2016b) Design and Development of Early Warning System for Desertification and Land Degradation. Environmental Resources Research, 4(2), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.22069/ijerr.2017.11207.1152
Akbari, M., Sarbazi, M., Sibevei, A., & Fadaie, S. (2024). Desertification Risk Assessment and Providing Management Strategies using the DPSIR-M Model in Khorasan Razavi province. Journal of Geography and Enviromental Hazards, 13(2), 210-239. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22067/geoeh.2023.83917.1404
Alibakhshi, S. (2023). A robust approach and analytical tool for identifying early warning signals of forest mortality. Ecological Indicators, Elsevier Ltd, 155, 110983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110983
Alibakhshi, S., Groen, T. A., Rautiainen, M., & Naimi, B. (2017). Remotely-sensed earlywarning signals of a critical transition in a wetland ecosystem. Remote Sensing, 9(4), 352.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040352
Boali, A., Asgari, H. R., Behbahani, A. M., Salmanmahiny, A., & Naimi, B. (2024a). Remotely sensed desertification modeling using ensemble of machine learning algorithms. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 34, 101149.
Boali, A., Bashari, H., & Jafari, R. (2019). Evaluating the Potential of Bayesian Networks for Desertification Assessment in Arid Areas of Iran. Land Degradation and Development, 30(4), 371–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3224
Boali, A., Hosseinalizadeh, M., Kariminejad, N., Asgari, H. R., Behbahani, A. M., Naimi, B.,… & Rad, M. (2025). Evaluation of early warning signals for soil erosionusing remote sensing indices in northeastern Iran. Scientific Reports , 15(9742), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94926-x
Boali, A., Kariminejad, N., Hosseinalizadeh, M., Shafaie, V., Movahedi Rad, M., & Pourghasemi, H. R. (2024b). Analysis of early warning signal of land degradation risk based on time series of remote sensing data. BIO Web of Conferences, 125, 01011. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412501011
Carpenter, S. R. (2011). Early warnings of regime shifts: A whole-ecosystem experiment. Science, 332(6033), 1079–1082. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203672
Daas, J. H. (2018). Remotely sensed and field surveyed early-warning signals of desertification in the Ebro basin, Spain. Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University.
Dakos, V., Carpenter, S. R., Nes, E. H. V., & Scheffer, M. (2015). Resilience indicators : prospects and limitations for early warnings of regime shifts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370, 1659. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0263
Davari, S., Rashki, A., Akbari, M., & Talebanfard, A. (2018). Monitoring the spatiotemporal changes of effective desertification indices in arid regions of southern Khorasan Razavi. Remote Sensing and GIS in Natural Resources, 9(2), 17-32.
Dehni, A., & Lounis, M. (2012). Remote sensing techniques for salt affected soil mapping: Application to the Oran region of Algeria. Procedia Engineering, 33, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1193
Dostorani, M., & Jafari-Shelamzari, M. (2022). Comparison of fuzzy and integrated desertification index (IDI) methods in assessing desertification severity in Torbat‑Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, with emphasis on vegetation indices. Arid Biome Scientific Journal, 21(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.29252/ARIDBIOM.2023.18283.1887
Dwyer, J. L., Roy, D. P., Sauer, B., Jenkerson, C. B., Zhang, H. K., & Lymburner, L. (2018). Analysis ready data: Enabling analysis of the landsat archive. Remote Sensing, 10(9), 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091363
Elnashar, A., Zeng, H., Wu, B., Gebretsadkan Gebremicael, T., & Marie, K. (2022). Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Areas to Desertification in the Blue Nile Basin Driven by the MEDALUS-GEE Framework. Science of the Total Environment, 815, 152925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152925
Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., & Moore, R. (2017). Remote Sensing of Environment Google Earth Engine : Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment, 202, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031
Guo, B., Wenqian, Z., Baomin, H., Fei, Y., Wei, L., Tianli, H., … & Shuting, C. (2020). Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Naiman Banner Based on Feature Space Models with Typical Surface Parameters Derived from LANDSAT Images. Land Degradation and Development, 31(12), 1573–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3533
Karssenberg, D., & Bierkens, M. (2012). Early-warning signals ( potentially ) reduce uncertainty in forecasted timing of critical shifts. Geography Physical, 3, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00293.1
Kefi, S., Guttal, V., Brock, W. A., Carpenter, S. R., Ellison, A. M., Livina, V. N., & Dakos, V. (2014). Early Warning Signals of Ecological Transitions : Methods for Spatial Patterns. PLoS ONE, 9(3), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092097
Khan, N. M., Rastoskuev, V., Sato, Y., & Shiozawa, S. (2005). Assessment of hydrosaline land degradation by using a simple approach of remote sensing indicators. Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, 77(1-3), 96-109.
Lamchin, M., Lee, J. Y., Lee, W. K., Lee, E. J., Kim, M., Lim, C. H., & Kim, S. R. (2015). Assessment of land cover change and desertification using remote sensing technology in a local region of Mongolia. Advances in Space Research, 57(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.006
Liu, Q., Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Buyantuev, A., Niu, J., & Wang, X. (2018). Spatiotemporal patterns of desertification dynamics and desertification effects on ecosystem services in the Mu Us Desert in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(3), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030589
Memarian, H., & Akbari, M. (2021). Prediction of Combined Effect of Climate and Land Use Changes on Soil Erosion in Iran Using GloSEM Data. Iranian Journal of Ecohydrology, 8(2), 513-534. [In Persian] https://doi.org.10.22059/ije.2021.320754.1482
Meng, X., Xin, G., Sen, L., Shengyu, L., & Jiaqiang, L. (2021). Monitoring Desertification in Mongolia Based on Landsat Images and Google Earth Engine from 1990 to 2020. Ecological Indicators, 129, 107908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107908
Naimi, B., & Araújo, M. B. (2016). Sdm: A reproducible and extensible R platform for species distribution modelling. Ecography, 39(4), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01881
Nijp, J. J., Temme, A. J., Van Voorn, G. A., Kooistra, L., Hengeveld, G. M., Soons, M. B., & Wallinga, J. (2019). Spatial early warning signals for impending regime shifts: A practical framework for application in real-world landscapes. Global Change Biology, 25(6), 1905–1921. https://doi.org/doi/10.1111/gcb.14591
Pravalie, R. (2021). Exploring the multiple land degradation pathways across the planet. Earth-Science Reviews, 220, 103689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103689
Tucker, C. J. (1979). Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8(2), 127–150.
UNCCD. (1994). United Nations: Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa. International Legal Materials, 33(5), 1328–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900026711
Verbesselt, J., Zeileis, A., & Herold, M. (2012). Near real-time disturbance detection using satellite image time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.022
Wei, H., Juanle, W., & Baomin, H. (2020). Desertification Information Extraction along the China-Mongolia Railway Supported by Multisource Feature Space and Geographical Zoning Modeling. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2962830
Xiao, J., Shen, Y., Tateishi, R., & Bayaer, W. (2006). Development of topsoil grain size index for monitoring desertification in arid land using remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(12), 2411–2422. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600554363