ارزیابی مخاطرات سنگ ریزه در آزاد راه رودبار- رستم آباد با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل شبکه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

یکی از عوامل موثر در کنترل مخاطرات محیطی، وجود پایداری در ساختار لندفرم هاست. در عصر حاضر ضرورت احداث سیستم‌های حمل و‌نقل، پیامدهای متعددی در واکنش سیستم‌های ژئومورفیک به وجود آورده است. در این ارتباط، کوهستان‌های نیمه خشک از جمله حساس‌ترین مناطق در برابر تغییرات غیرمعمول یا تغییرات ناشی از دخالت‌های انسان به شمار می‌رود. این نوشتار تلاش دارد ضمن تبیین وضعیت ژئومورفولوژیک منطقه از نظر حساسیت بالای آن نسبت به ناپایداری‌های دامنه‌ای، نوعی رابطه منطقی میان احداث آزاد راه رودبار- رستم آباد و ناپایداری دامنه‌ای به ویژه فرایند ریزش سنگ به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل واکنش‌های ژئومورفولوژیک منطقه و تحقق مدیریت محیطی به ویژه در جاده‌ها برقرار کند. به همین منظور با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل شبکه و تعیین معیارهای پیشنهادی در وقوع ریزش سنگ مبتنی بر مطالعات میدانی و روش دلفی، این معیارها در دو خوشه اصلی مخاطرات طبیعی و زیست محیطی شامل میزان شیب، جهت شیب، کاربری اراضی، بارش سالیانه، فاصله از گسل، شبکه ارتباطی، آبراهه و لیتولوژی تعیین شد. در مرحله بعد با تهیه لایه‌های اطلاعاتی از عناصر فوق و ارزش گذاری آن‌ها در مدل تحلیل شبکه‌ای در محیط GIS مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت و نقشه نهایی مخاطرات سنگ ریزش با درجات کم، متوسط و بالا مشخص گردید و در ادامه به منظور کنترل نتایج از بازدید میدانی بهره برده شد. نتایج نشان داد مستعدترین مناطق از نظر وقوع ریزش سنگ منطبق بر میزان شیب بالا، فاصله کم از آبراهه، گسل خوردگی‌ها، حساسیت‌بالای سنگ‌های آتشفشانی توده‌ای و اراضی بایر هستند.

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