Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Department of Geography, Islamic Azad University of Noor, Noor, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Islamic Azad University of Noor, Noor, Iran
3
Department of Natural Heritage, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism
10.22067/geoeh.2025.89542.1514
Abstract
The Glandrood watershed, given its geological, tectonic, climatic, hydrological characteristics, topography, and poor vegetation cover, has a landslide potential, and inappropriate human intervention in it leads to the occurrence and intensification of mass movements. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical and survey approach, an attempt has been made to prepare a sensitivity map for slope instability and landslides in the study area using 11 factors effective in slope instability. These factors include: slope, aspect direction, elevation, distance from the road, distance from the fault, distance from the waterway, total annual precipitation, average annual temperature, land use, geology, and slope curvature. Then, a total of 352 landslide points were identified using satellite images and field visits, of which 70% were used for model training and the remaining 30% for validation. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm was coded in the MATLAB R2020a environment to identify areas susceptible to landslides. According to the landslide hazard map in the Glandrood watershed, over 30% of the area is classified as very high risk, 19% as high risk, 13% as medium risk, 19% as low risk, and 16% of the study area is classified as very low landslide risk. The prioritization of effective variables indicates that the highest weight with a criterion ranking of 0.98 is related to elevation. The analysis of the catena concept, which reflects the relationship between soil patterns and landscape on slope with topography and leads to variability in soil properties and subsequently changes in vegetation cover, can well justify the relationship or influence of the elevation factor on landslide movements in the study area.
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