Situation of Domestic knowledge in Natural Hazards Management in Villages (Case study: Shirz District, Harsin County)

Document Type : مقاله پژوهشی

Authors

• Aeizh Azmi ¹
• Farzad Mirzaei Ghaleh ²
• Sabaa Darvishi ³

¹ Razi University Kermanshah

² Shahid Beheshti university

³ University of Tehran

10.22067/geo.v4i1.35128

Abstract

Introduction
Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture), midwifery, ethno botany and ecological knowledge, celestial navigation, ethno astronomy, the climate etc. These kinds of knowledge are crucial for the subsistence and survival and are generally based on accumulations of empirical observation and interaction with the environment. In many cases, traditional knowledge has been orally passed for generations from person to person. Some forms of traditional knowledge are expressed through stories, legends, folklore, rituals, songs, and even laws. Other forms of traditional knowledge are expressed through different means.
A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment. Many natural hazards are interrelated, e.g. earthquakes can cause tsunamis and drought can lead directly to famine or population displacement. It is possible that some natural hazards are inter-temporally correlated, as well. A concrete example of the division between a natural hazard and a natural disaster is that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a disaster, whereas living on a fault line is a hazard. Natural hazard is an important challenge in rural development. It is important that we control it for decreasing harm. Domestic method is a good method in rural development especially hazard control. Study of literature of natural hazards management show that today approach of action to hazard with imperative-control and technology structure change to new approach that it calls social management. It focuses on culture, capacity, and local society knowledge. In this paper we study this question:
• How is role of local and modern Knowledge in decreasing of environmental harm in studied region?

Study area
Harsinis city of Kermanshah province that has both the Central and Biston.Harsin city in the 2005 census has a population of over 91,300 people, 53,731 of whom are urban and 37,569 rural people, where almost two-thirds of its population is urban population.This paper did in Shirz rural district. This place is in Harsin County in Kermanshah province. Harsin is a city in and the capital of Harsin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51,562, in 12,001 families. Harsin is situated 44 km east of Kermanshah, and lies 1,570 meters (5,150 ft) above sea level.
The rural county has 13 villages and its crowd equal with 10992.
Shizr rural district has 13 villages and a population of over 10,992 people according to the 2006 census. Villages in the region naturally into three groups in terms of the plains, foothills, and mountains are. Most villages in the district of which are plain wheat, horticulture and animal husbandry are the main activities of the villagers in this area

Material and Methods
Investigative method was descriptive-analysis and survey method. We used from questionnaire, interview with people, seeing for collecting data. This paper studies this assumption: domestic knowledge have larger slice than new knowledge about natural damage (cold, glacial and dry) in Shirz County. In this paper we used from SPSS software and Fisher test.
For study of local knowledge we used from investigative methods for example, seeing, speaking with people and older people and for new knowledge we used from questionnaire and interview. A survey of the rural population in the sample villages are 50 years or older. According to ID Villages in 1385 the total number of villages in this part of the 13 villages, of which nine villages were randomly selected using random sampling and Cochran is 95% and the accuracy of probability of 0.09, sample size n = 90 is calculated, all the age group 50 years and above were selected. The number of samples obtained for each village with the appropriateness
Social statistic was 90 people that selected by Cochran method. We used from random sampling.

Results and Discussion
The first we study variety of hazard for example, drought, flood and cold. In local method, source teaching was rural chief, family and important people but in mother method school and education method were important.
Help source in local method were important people but in modern method were government institute for example Basij.
In assumption test we understand that total of modern and local method is better from mother method.
The effectiveness of local knowledge, modern and a combination of both new knowledge to reduce vulnerability to cold and freezing in three components: environmental, economic and social impacts were assessed. As is evident from the paper that the average difference between the effectiveness of local knowledge in reducing the damaging affect of cold and frost in combination of three components: environmental, economic and social there. Effectiveness of local knowledge in each of the environmental components, the average efficiency of new knowledge in the social and economic dimensions of environmental, economic, social and greater knowledge of the effect of the combination of the two. The effectiveness of a combination of the two knowledge in each of the three components of environmental, social and economic effectiveness of new knowledge is higher than average. Therefore, the effectiveness of local knowledge with modern knowledge to reduces the effects of cold Confirmed.
Results say that there are different between domestic knowledge and new knowledge in decreasing natural hazard damage and domestic knowledge have larger slice than new knowledge in natural hazard management in rural area.
This paper says that we cannot dope economic, cultural and social phenomenon. For controlling natural hazard present some modern tools. But we believe that local methods are profit and better those modern tools.
In this study, comparison of indigenous knowledge, new and evaluated the combination of the two. In the case of floods and droughts and cold, as well as more rural indigenous knowledge of two other statuses (new, combined) are.

Conclusion
The results show that indigenous knowledge in many cases is better to deal with natural disasters. However, modern science's role in reducing risks cannot be ignored. Local communities use from the different procedures for managing the risk of natural hazards. Government uses from modern procedures. Because each has unique characteristics and they can together have a better performance. Therefore we recommended that modern and local procedures merge together for better function

Keywords

• Domestic knowledge
• new knowledge
• natural damage
• Shizr County

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