Spatial Identity of Landslide Risk in Eastern Alamut (Case Study: Ovan Lake)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Faculty of Humanities, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

2 M.Sc. of Geomorphology, Faculty of Humanities, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

The spatial identity plan and the effects that this component has in the analysis of the distribution patterns of natural and human phenomena and their arrangement have opened new horizons in the knowledge of geomorphology. The introduction of cognitive fields such as space arrangement and phenomenology and the creation of novel concepts in geomorphology has doubled the power of this knowledge. Such ability reveals the role of place in spatial behaviors and events. In this article, by relying on the drawing techniques of understanding, the relationship between the theoretical and epistemological foundations of the spatial identity of the lake is explained at a certain level and scale. For this purpose, we counted the geomorphic evidence and explored their role in the identification of Ovan Lake. Landslide occurs mainly due to the interaction of different vectors. The issue under discussion is how the vectors affecting the landslide that created Ovan Lake interact. To answer this question, in addition to field survey, 30-meter digital elevation model (DEM) data derived from SRTM sensor were used. All the data collected remotely were reprocessed and geometrically corrected by land data collection and GPS data then they were entered into Arc GIS and Global Mapper software, and we analyzed the lithology, climate and topography of the place. The results indicate that several factors have contributed to the formation of the Ovan landslide: 1- The material of rocks in the basin, 2- Temperate and semi-humid climate conditions of the basin, 3- Faults that cause different stones to collide and connect with each other, 4- Evidence of changes in the base level of shahroud and Jeneh River, 5- Existence of water under pressure (Artesian), 6- Change in thickness and cement of Andaj conglomerate in the vicinity of Ovan lake, 7- Change in topography and hydrology conditions locally, due to the occurrence of small landslides.

Keywords

Main Subjects

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

References

  • Ahmadabadi, A., & fatholah Zadeh, M. (2018). Investigating the Changes of Snow Line in Oshtorankuh Region from Late Quaternary to now. Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 7(1), 180-192. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22519424.1397.7.1.12.6
  • Ambraseys, N.N., & Melville C.P. (1983). Seismicity of Yemen.Nature, 303, 321-323. https://doi.org/10.1038/303321a0
  • Ami Ahmadi, M., & Mahmoudi, A. (2016). The Place of Identity in Contemporary Iranian Architecture. Paper presented at the Third Annual Conference on Architecture, Urban Planning and Urban Management Research (Iran), Shiraz. [In Persian] https://en.civilica.com/doc/650925/-     
  • Amir, P. (1379). God of Alamut (Zabihullah Mansouri, Trans). Tehran: Duniya Danesh.
  • Anabestani, A., & Moeini, A. (2021). The Effect of Place Identity on the Livability of Peri-Urban Villages of Mashhad Metropolis. Geographical Planning of Space, 11(39), 69-90. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.30488/gps.2019.183416.3038
  • Arasti, A. R. (2019) Evaluation of the ecological potential of the watershed of the Shahroud River, Alamut District, Qazvin Province, for the development of the medicinal plants of Borage Flower and Badranjbouye, considering the limitation of water resources, and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Ali Khahe Asl, M. Master's degree, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Department of Agriculture. [In Persian] https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/viewer/ae587497888cbc1ca47710e280e70eed?sample=1
  •   Asgari, G., Yassaghi, A., & Madanipour, S. (2015). Structural Geomerty of Moallem Kelayeh Inlier; An Evidence of Inversion Tectonic and Dextral Transpression in West Central Alborz Range. Journal of Tectonics, 1, 2-19. [In Persian]  https://tectonics.birjand.ac.ir/article_1021.html
  • Ashjari, J., Kakavand, E., Malek Abbaslu, E., Shihgar, M., Amjadian, M.R., & Bamani Ahmedabad, M. (2020). Hydraulic Interaction of Underground Water and Lakes in Mountainous Areas, (A Case Study of Ovan Lake in Alamut Region of Qazvin Province). Paper presented at the 18th conference of Iran Hydraulic Conference (Iran), Teheran(pp.1-9). [In Persian] https://en.civilica.com/doc/998907/
  • Badiee Azandahie, M., & Pooyandeh, M. H. (2013). Phenomonology and the Relationship between Identity and Place in the Geographical Scales. Journal of Human Geography, 5(2), 1-19. [In Persian] https://sid.ir/paper/177091/en-          Beheshti Rad, M., Feiznia, S., Selajegeh, A., & Ahmadi, H. (2009), Investigating Applicabality of Certainty Factor Landslide Hazard Zonation Model, (A Case Study Moalemkalaye Watershed). Journal of Physical Geography, 2(5), 19-28. [In Persian]https://sid.ir/paper/185094/en-        
  •   Berberian M, Jackson, J A, Ghorashi M, & Kadjar M H. (1984). Field and Teleseismic Observations of the 1981 Golbaf–Sirch Earthquakes in SE Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 77(3), 809-838. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb02223.x
  • Berberian, , Qorashi, M. Jackson, J. A., Priestley, K. & Wallace, T. (1992). The Rudbar-Tarom Earthquake of 20 June 1990 in NW Persia: Preliminary Field and Seismological Observations, and its Tectonic Significance. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; 82 (4), 1726–1755. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/82/4/1726/119642/
  • Berberian, & Walker, R. (2010). The Rudbār M w 7.3 Earthquake of 1990 June 20; Seismotectonics, Coseismic and Geomorphic Displacements, and Historic Earthquakes of the Western ‘High-Alborz’, Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 182(3),1577-1602.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04705.x
  • Borji, S., & Naserul Mamar, K. (2016, December). Investigating the Capabilities of Ecotourism in the Ovan Lake Basin Using Environment-Based Architecture. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Modern Research in Civil Engineering, Architectural & Urban Development, singapore (pp.318-333). [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/870954/fa
  • Ehteshami-Moinabadi, M, & Nasiri, S. (2019). Geometrical and Structural Setting of Landslide Dams of the Central Alborz: A Link Between Earthquakes and Landslide Damming. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 69-88.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1021-8
  • Entezari, M., Entezari, M., & Izadi, Z. (2014). Assessment of Landslide Zonation by Binary Statistical Method. Geography and Environmental Planning, 24(4), 205-226. [In Persian   https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20085362.1392.24.4.16.7
  • Garaee, P. (2011). Determining the Most Appropriate Method of Landslide Risk Zoning in Vastan-Sari Watershed. Researches in Earth Sciences, 2(2), 93-114. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088299.1390.2.2.1.9
  •  Ghasemnezhad, M., & Hosseinzadeh, S. (2014). Ibn Sina and uniformitarianism. Geography and Environmental Planning, 25(3), 43-62. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20085362.1393.25.3.5.1
  • Ghazanfari, P., Kave Ahangar, S., & Salavati, Z. (2016, February). Identifying the Textural Characteristics of Ovan Lake Deposits, North East of the Earth. Paper presented at the First International Conference and the Third National Quaternary Conference with the Slogan (Environmental Awareness, Future Along the Past) (Iran), Tehran. [In Persian]  https://civilica.com/doc/757334
  •  Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P, Cardinali M, Galli M, & Ardizzone F. (2005). Probabilistic Landslide Hazard Assessment at the Basin Scale. Geomorphology, 72, 272-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.002
  •  Hedayati, A., & Kakavand, R. (2012). Climatic Zoning of Qazvin Province. Nivar, 36(76-77), 59-66. [In Persian] https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13201.html
  • Jabari, I. (2016). Geomorphology of Building, Process and Landforms. Teheran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books (Samt), Humanities Research and Development Institute. [In Persian]         
  • Jadari, A. (2012). Geomorphology of Iran. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Center of Payam Noor University. [In Persian]         
  • Jamalabadi, J., Safari, F., Borabadi, A., & Al-Mohammad, M. (2021). Identification and Zoning of Susceptible Area of Landslide in the Javroud Rural District. Emergency Management, 10(2), 47-55. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23453915.1400.10.2.4.6
  • Kamranzad, F., Mohasel Afshar, E., Mojarab, M., & Memarian, H. (2016). Landslide Hazard Zonation in Tehran Province Using Data-Driven and AHP Methods. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 25(97), 101-114. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2015.41372
  • Kang, T. (2009). Homeland Re-Territorialized: Revisiting the Role of Geographical Places in the Formation of Diasporic Identity in the Digital Age.Information, communication & society, 12(3), 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802635448
  • Karimi Sengchini, I., Ong, M., & Saaduddin, A. (2016). Landslide Hazard Management for Two Normal and Critical Scenarios in the Chehel - Chay Watershed, Golestan Province. Journal of Watershed Management Resarch. 7(13), 181-173. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jwmr.7.13.181 (2011)
  • Kashi, H., & Bonyadi, N. (2013). Stating the Model of Identity of Place-Sense of Place and Surveying its Constituents (Case Study: Pedestrian Passage of Shahre Rey). Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 18(3), 43-52. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22059/jfaup.2013.51317
  •  Khodaie, R.,   & Jafari, G. H. (2022). Morphometry and Reconstruction of the Moallem-Kalaye Landslide. Journal of Natural Environment Hazards,  12(35), 59-78.  [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/1146073/en       
  • Khodaei Geshlag, L., Roostaei, S., Mokhtari, D., & Valizadeh Kamran, K. (2021). Application of the Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in Monitoring and Evaluating Landslides (Case Study: Ahar-Varzeghan Region). Journal of Geography and Planning, 25(75), 113-126 [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22034/gp.2021.10847
  • Klarstaghi, A., Habibnejad, M., & Ahmadi, H. (2008). A Study of Landslide Occurrence in Relation to Land Use Changes and Road Construction Case Study Tadjan Watershed, Sari. Geographical Research Quarterly, 40(1), 81-91. [In Persian] https://jrg.ut.ac.ir/article_19191.html?lang=en
  • Knight, D. B. (1982). Identity and Territory: Geographical Perspectives on Nationalism and Regionalism. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 72(4), 514-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1982.tb01842.x
  •  Lee, S., Ryu, J.H, Won, J.S, & Park, H.J. (2004). Determination and Application of the Weights for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using an Artificial Neural Network. Engineering Geology, 71,289-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(03)00142-X         
  • Madi, H., Beh Afrid, A. B., Asadiha, A., & Tehranchi, N. (2014). Locating and Organizing Tourism Service Centers in the Ovan Lake Basin with a Sustainable Development Approach. Paper presented at the Urban Planning and Sustainable Development, the First National Conference on Geography, Urban Planning and Sustainable DevelopmenT (Iran), Tehran.  [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/265732
  • Malamud B D, Turcotte D L, Guzzetti F, Reichenbach, P. (2004). Landslide Inventories and their Statistical Properties. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(6),687-711. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1064
  • Masso, A. (2010). Geographical Perspective on Identity Construction: Identification Strategies of Russian Youth in Estonia. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5(6), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/CGP/v05i06/51763
  • Memarian, H., & Sayarpour, M. (2006). Errors Introduced by Slope Gradient in Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping. Journal of Faculty of Engineering (University of Tehran), 40(1 (95), 105-113. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/14546/en
  • Mogimi, I. (1385). Wind Dynamics and System Based on Compression and Erosion Patterns in Lot Pain. Desert, 11(1), 177-186. https://sid.ir/paper/5286/fa
  • Moghimi, E., Alavi Panah, K., & Jafari, T. (2008). Evaluation and Zonation of Effective Factors on Landslide Occurrence of Aladagh Northern Slopes. Physical Geography Research, 40(64), 53-75. [In Persian] https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_26906.html?lang=en
  • Mohibian, Sh., Ghazanfari, P., & Ahankar, A. (2011, November). Lake Evan Geotourism. Paper presented at the 5th National Geological Conference of Payam Noor University (Iran). Zanjan - Abhar(pp.1-6). [In Persian] https://civilica.com/doc/194008
  • Mokaram, M., & Shaygan, Mehran (2018). Landslide risk assessment and its relationship to the type of landform in the GIS. Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 6(4), 17-31. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22519424.1397.6.4.2.9
  • Monavari, M., Shariat, M., Dashti, S., & Sabzghabaei, G.R. (2009). Environmental Potential Evaluation of Zakherd Watershed for Urban Development Through GIS [Special Issue]. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11(1), 199-208. [In Persian] https://sid.ir/paper/87128/en
  • Mousapour M Y. (2018). Rethinking of the Ornament in rural house (Case study: Ovan village in Qazvin). Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 37(162), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.22034/37.162.3
  • Nazari, H., Ritz, J.F., Salamati, R., Shafei, A., Ghassemi, A., Michelot, J.L. & Ghorashi, M. (2009). Morphological and Palaeoseismological Analysis Along the Taleghan Fault (Central Alborz, Iran).Geophysical Journal International, 178,1028-1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04173.x
  • Panchal, S, & Shrivastava, A.K. (2022). Landslide Hazard Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Case Study of National Highway 5 in India. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.10.021
  •  Pasban, E., Khodabakhsh, S., Garibreza, M., Kabiri, S., & Bahiraei, N. (2018). A Quantitative Study on Channel-Bed Changes of the Alamut and Shahrud Rivers (N Qazvin) in 1981-2015 Period Times. Scientific Semiannual Journal Sedimentary Facies, 11(1), 15-34. [In Persian]https://doi.org/10.22067/sed.facies.v11i1.64450
  • Paasi, A. (1997). Geographical Perspectives on Finnish National Identity. GeoJournal, 43, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006885503314
  •  Rajabi, M., Rezaei Moghadam, M. H., & Takzare, A. (2022). Quantitative Analysis of Landslide Risk and Its Zoning in Alamut River Basin Using Logistic Regression Method. Journal of Geographic Space, 22(77), 1-14. [In Persian] http://geographical-space.iau-ahar.ac.ir/article-1-3407-en.html
  • Ramesht, M. H. & Babajamali, F. (2021). Iran’s Analytic Geomorphology. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books (Samt). [In Persian]
  • Ramezani, B., & Ebrahimi, H. (2010). Landslide and its Stabilization. Environmental Based Territorial Planning (Amayesh), 2(7), 129-139. [In Persian]
  • Refahi, H. (2003). Water Erosion and Its Control (4th ed). Tehran: Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University. [In Persian] 
  •  Roostaei Sh. , & Ahmadzadeh, H.  (2012). Landslide Hazard Zonation in the Tabriz-Marand Road Using RS and GIS. Quantitative Geomorphological Researches, 1(1).  [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22519424.1391.1.1.4.6-          Safari, S., Askaripour, N., Roshan Ara, S., Adavodi, R., Taheripour, N., & Bayat Dashlibron, F. (December, 2016). An Analysis of Environmental Characteristics of Avan Negin Abi Lake, Qazvin Plain. Paper Pesented at the 15th Iranian Hydraulics Conference(Iran), Qazvin, 1-8. [In Persian] https://en.civilica.com/l/7007/
  • Sepahvand, S., & Ramesht, M. H. (2022). Space Identity and Psychosomatic. Geography and Development, 20(69), 1-15. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22111/gdij.2022.7268
  • Shano, L., Raghuvanshi, T.K., & Meten, M. (2022). Landslide Hazard Zonation Using Logistic Regression Model: The Case of Shafe and Baso Catchments, Gamo Highland, Southern Ethiopia. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 4, 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01873-1
  • Valdés Carrera A.C., Mendoza M.E., Allende, T.C., & Macías J.L. (2021). A Review of Recent Studies on Landslide Hazard in Latin America. Physical Geography, 44(3), 243-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2021.1978372
  • Van Westen, C. J., Seijmonsbergen, A. C., & Mantovani, F. (1999). Comparing landslide hazard maps. Natural hazards, 20(2), 137-158. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008036810401
  • Yar Ahmadi, J., & Roostaei, S. (2018). Quantitative Geomorphological Research, 2(2), 119-133. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22519424.1392.2.2.6.7
  • Yavari , S., & Ataei Ashtiani, B., & Najafi Jilani, A. (2009). Numerical Simulation of Impulsive Wave Caused by Landslides at Maku Dam Reservoir. Journal of Civil Engineering Islamic Azad University, 1(3), 10-20. [In Persian] https://www.sid.ir/paper/199460/fa
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 30 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 03 July 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics