Investigating the Potential of Erosion-Prone Areas with ICONA Models, Support Vector Machine, Chaid and Random Forest (Case Study: Gonabad Basin)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Mohammad Ali Zangeneh Asadi ¹
• Mahnaz Naemi Tabar ²
• Rahman Zandi ³

¹ Associate Professor in Geomorphology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

² PhD Student in Geomorphology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

³ c Assistant Professor, Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

10.22067/geoeh.2021.71162.1080

Abstract

Experimental models for estimating erosion have been developed for a specific area and their calibration is necessary for use in conditions other than their own location. Examining the accuracy of experimental models for estimating erosion can lead to better estimates of sediment load and thus better design of soil and water protection operations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify high-risk areas of erosion to control and reduce erosion and sediment production. The study aimed to investigate the accuracy and capability of ICONA, support vector machine, Chaid and random forest models in estimating erosion. First, digital layers of variables affecting erosion including slope, geological formation, land use, soil, height, slope direction, surface curvature, waterway network density, distance from the waterway, fault density, distance from the fault, and topographic moisture index (Twi) were prepared. To compare different models, statistical indices of correlation coefficient (R) and absolute magnitude of error (MAE) were used. The results showed that among the mentioned models, the support vector machine model, ICONA and random forest with M7, M9 and M12 pattern had the highest accuracy with correlation coefficient of 0.899, 0.845, and 0.921 and the lowest mean absolute value. It has error MAE = 0.711, MAE = 0.721, and MAE = 0.628. According to the study of effective factors in soil erosion model, it is concluded that the parameters of the slope, geological formation, land use, soil, distance from the waterway, and topographic moisture index (Twi) are more sensitive to erosion and the factors affecting erosion in these areas are more active. Most of the study area is part of a very high to high erosion class that these classes are mainly located in the center of the area. Most areas at high to severe erosion risk are located in the sloping topographic unit.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Soil Erosion
• Gonabad Basin
• Experimental Models
• Statistical Indicators
• Correlation Coefficient

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