Investigating the Indicators Resulting from Remote Sensing Technology in Drought Assessment using MODIS Images (Case Study: Qom, Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Markazi Provinces)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Saleh Arekhi ¹
• Marzieh Barzegar Savasari ²
• Somia Emadaddian ¹

¹ Assistant Professor, Geography Department, Human Sciences College, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

² MSc Student, Human Sciences College, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

10.22067/geoeh.2021.72253.1102

Abstract

Drought is a situation of lack of rainfall and rising temperatures that occurs in any geographical area and in any climate, even in humid areas. The frequency and severity of drought are higher in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought occurs without notice and has a wide range of impacts unlike other natural disasters. The damage caused by drought is intangible but very large and costly. Therefore, the basis of a regular program for better management according to past events requires drought monitoring. Meteorological drought indices are calculated directly from meteorological data such as rainfall. In the absence of such data, they will not be useful in monitoring drought. Therefore, remote sensing technique can be a useful tool in drought monitoring. In this study, the relationship between standardized precipitation index  (SPI index) and remote sensing indices of VCI, TCI and VHI in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Markazi, and Qom provinces was investigated. Using satellite images of Modis Terra sensor and precipitation data of rain gauge and synoptic stations located in the studied area, the changes occurred over a period of 10 years was calculated. For this purpose, four months (April, May, June, and July) were selected as a sample by reviewing the data of existing stations and using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) model. In this study, due to time accuracy, high spectrum coverage, ease of access, no need for atmospheric correction and ground reference, images with code (MOD11A2 and MOD13A2) of Modis satellite sensor products related to the years 2011 to 2020 due to confidence of wet and drought phenomena was used and then SPI index was compared with VCI, TCI, and VHI indices in combination. The results of drought monitoring showed that during the ten-year period, there was severe drought in some years, and in the same year, less rainfall occurred. In 2020, for example, the drought was very severe, and in 2011 it was very wet. The results of the correlation between SPI index and remote sensing indices showed that SPI index has the highest correlation with VCI index at the level of 0.01. It was found that MODIS images and constructed indices have the necessary capability for drought monitoring. The results of this study can be a good option for decision makers to monitor, investigate and resolve drought conditions and double the need to define an index.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Drought
• SPI index
• VCI index
• TCI
• VHI
• Central Iran

20.1001.1.23221682.1401.11.3.3.9

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