الگوی سازگاری معیشت جوامع روستایی ایران در مواجه با تغییرات اقلیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه معیشت روستائیان به‌شدت با تغییرات اقلیمی گره‌خورده است؛ به‌طوری‌که با افزایش این تغییرات وضعیت پایداری معیشتی آنان با بحران مواجه است. این مسئله نشان از چگونگی الگوی سازگاری این جوامع در برخورد با این تغییرات دارد؛ بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی الگوی سازگاری معیشت جوامع روستایی ایران در مواجه با تغییرات اقلیمی است. روش مطالعه در زمره مطالعات کاربردی است، که از نظر هدف توصیفی– تبیینی، در یک رویکرد کیفی و کمی صورت پذیرفته است. این تحقیق از روش نمونه‌گیری غیراحتمالی هدفمند بوده، و برای گردآوری داده‌های ثانویه از روش اسنادی و داده‌های اولیه از روش میدانی (پرسشنامه کیو) استفاده ‌شده. جامعه موردمطالعه شامل خبرگان است؛ پرسشنامه‌ها به‌صورت الکترونیکی، برای 20 نفر از کارشناسان (جامعه دانشگاهی) ارسال گردید. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­های جمع‌آوری‌شده از روش تحلیل عاملی کیو استفاده‌ شده. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که الگوی پایین به بالا به‌عنوان راهبرد محوری در سازگاری معیشتی جوامع روستایی در برابر تغییرات اقلیمی خواهد بود. از سویی دو عامل "سازگاری زیست‌محیطی" با امتیاز 34.37 و "سازگاری اجتماعی" با امتیاز 23.8 به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین راهبردها معیشتی برای جوامع روستایی ایران شناخته شدند که این الگوی سازگاری می­تواند در قالب برنامه‌های اجرایی همچون: آموزش الگوی­های رفتاری سازگار؛ ارتقاء پشتیبانی اجتماعی؛ شیوه‌های صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب و اشتراک‌گذاری دانش بومی جوامع روستایی در مواجه با تغییرات اقلیمی محقق گردد. همچنین، برای پایداری معیشت روستائیان در مواجه با رویدادهای اقلیمی، نهادهای داخلی و خارجی می‌توانند با بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های دانش بومی به سیاست‌های سازگاری دست پیدا کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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