مقایسه مدل‌های RUSLE و EPM در برآورد فرسایش و تولید رسوب با استفاده از GIS (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضه چم‌گردلان استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• صالح آرخی ¹
• حسین بارانی ²

¹ دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مخاطرات محیطی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

10.22067/geoeh.2022.75260.1176

چکیده

ارزیابی کیفی و کمی فرسایش با استفاده از مدل­های تجربی برآورد فرسایش و رسوب، یکی از راهکارهایی است که از طریق آن می­توان فرسایش خاک را تا حدودی کنترل و مقدار آن را به حداقل رساند. پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور مقایسه دو مدل EPM و RUSLE در برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در حوضه چم­گردلان استان ایلام انجام شده است. در این راستا، از عوامل مؤثر بر فرسایش شامل فرسایندگی باران، فرسایش­پذیری خاک، توپوگرافی، پوشش گیاهی و عملیات حفاظت خاک و همچنین ضرایب فرسایش مشاهده­ای، حساسیت سنگ و خاک به فرسایش، استفاده از زمین یا کاربری زمین، شیب متوسط زمین به درصد مورد استفاده در مدل­های یاد شده استفاده شده و درنهایت مقدار فرسایش و رسوب تولید شده با توجه به مدل­های ارائه شده محاسبه و با مقدار مشاهده شده در ایستگاه رسوب­سنجی حوضه چم­گردلان مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می­دهد میزان رسوب برآوردی مدل RUSLE، 37/16 تن در هکتار در سال و در روش EPM، 49/21 تن در هکتار در سال برآورد گردید که با توجه به نزدیک‌تر بودن مقدار برآوردی RUSLE به مقدار رسوب مشاهده­ای 58/16 تن در هکتار در سال، کارایی مدل RUSLE در برآورد رسوب منطقه موردمطالعه بیش­تر است. درنهایت توصیه می­شود، برای فازهای اولیه مطالعات توجیهی، اجمالی و شناسایی از مدل EPM و برای مطالعات تفصیلی و دقیق­تر برآورد فرسایش و رسوب حوضه از روش RUSLE بهره گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فرسایش خاک
• برآورد رسوب
• مدل RUSLE
• مدل EPM
• حوضه چم‌گردلان
• استان ایلام

موضوعات

• فرسایش خاک

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